Abstract
Introduction
1 Observations
 1.1 FIR Background
 1.2 Deep Field Surveys
 1.3 Source Number Counts
 1.4 The k-Correction
 1.5 Redshift Estimation and Source Distribution
 1.6 Conclusion
2 Modeling the Universe
 2.1 A Model SED
  2.1.1 Radiative Transfer
  2.1.2 The Absorption Coefficient of Dust
  2.1.3 Dust Emission
 2.2 The FIR Spectrum
  2.2.1 Mid-Infrared
  2.2.2 Extinction
  2.2.3 Radio Spectrum
  2.2.4 Examples
 2.3 The Luminosity Distribution
  2.3.1 The Local Universe
  2.3.2 Modification at High Luminosities
  2.3.3 Evolution
  2.3.4 The Final Parameter Set
 2.4 Agreement with Observations
  2.4.1 Source Number Counts
  2.4.2 Source Redshift Distribution
  2.4.3 FIR Background
 2.5 Star Formation
 2.6 Spatial Distribution
 2.7 Simulated Maps
 2.8 Source Confusion
3 Conclusion and Prospect
A Cosmology and Cosmography
 A.1 General Relativity
 A.2 Distance Measures
  A.2.1 Redshift
  A.2.2 Line-of-Sight Comoving Distance
  A.2.3 Transverse Comoving Distance
  A.2.4 Luminosity Distance
  A.2.5 Comoving Volume
  A.2.6 Lookback Time
B Details on the simulation program
 B.1 IDL
 B.2 Monte Carlo
 B.3 cosmology.pro
 B.4 utility.pro
 B.5 sim.pro